4.1 Volleyball at the Olympic Games In 1924, during the VIII Summer Olympic Games in Paris, demonstration volleyball competitions were held, and representatives of the United States took the initiative to include volleyball in the official program ……
Volleyball at the Olympics. volleyball olympic games
In 1924, during the VIII Summer Olympic Games in Paris, demonstration competitions in volleyball were held, and representatives of the United States took the initiative to include volleyball in the official program of the Olympic Games. In 1932, during the X Summer Olympic Games in Los Angeles, a discussion took place on the unification of the rules of the game and the creation of an international body to guide volleyball in the world. The historic decision to recognize volleyball as an Olympic sport took place on September 24, 1957 at the 53rd session of the International Olympic Committee (IOC), and in 1964 volleyball was included in the program of Olympic competitions for the first time. In total, Russia took two gold medals at the Olympic Games – at the Olympic Games in Moscow in 1980 and in London 2012.
5. Outstanding volleyball players
Karch Kiraly (USA) won the most medals in the history of volleyball at the Olympic Games – 2 gold medals in classical volleyball and one in beach volleyball. Among women, this is the Soviet volleyball player Inna Ryskal (USSR), who won 2 gold and 2 silver medals at 4 Olympiads 1964-1976.
Georgy Mondzolevsky (USSR)
Ludmila Buldakova (USSR)
Vyacheslav Zaitsev (USSR)
Andrea Giani (Italy)
Giba (Gilberto Godoy Filho) (Brazil)
Ekaterina Gamova (Russia)
6. Varieties of volleyball
Beach volleyball. There is also another kind of game – beach volleyball (sand volleyball, beach volleyball). Sand volleyball in the twenties and thirties was played in Bulgaria, Latvia, the USSR, the USA, France, and Czechoslovakia. Beach volley with two players on the court appeared in the USA in 1930. At the end of the 20th century, beach volley became very widespread in the world and in 1993 at the IOC session in Monte Carlo it was recognized as an Olympic sport.
Now the official FIVB calendar includes the following beach will competitions: tournaments in the program of the Summer Olympic Games (since 1996), world championships (since 1987 for men, since 1992 for women) and the World Tour (since 1989). for men, since 1993 for women), the stages (tournaments) of which are held in different countries during the season.
Mini volleyball. Game for children up to 14 years old. It is included in the school curriculum of many countries, including Russia. Mini-volleyball appeared in 1961 in the GDR. In 1972, its rules were officially approved. There are two levels: mini-3 and mini-4. Each team has three (four) players plus two substitutes. Both boys and girls can play for the team at the same time, but their ratio in the opposing teams must be the same. The game takes place on a court 6×4.5 (6×6) m, divided in half by a net at a height of 2.15 (2.05) m. Ball weight: 210–230 grams, circumference: 61–63 cm.The game in the game goes up to 15 points.
Pioneerball. Its main technical difference from classical volleyball is that the ball is picked up during the game. Accordingly, the serve, the pass to the partner and the transfer of the ball to the opponent's side are carried out not by a blow, but by a throw. The match consists of three parties, the game in which is played up to 15 points. The team that wins two sets wins. Pionerball is included in the physical training program of secondary schools and is a preparatory stage in mastering the basics of not only volleyball, but also basketball. Pioneerball competitions are held in different cities of Russia.
Volleyball (English “wallyball”, from “wall” – wall) was invented in 1979 by American Joe Garcia. Two teams of two, three or four people play. The use of the side walls of the gym is allowed. The game is played up to 15, 18 or 21 points (but the score difference must be at least 2 points). Among the volleyball players there are many representatives of classical volleyball, including members of the US Olympic team Paul Sunderland and Rita Crockett, and famous people from the world of politics and show business, including US President George W. Bush. In the early 1980s, businessman Mike O'Hara (a former member of the US Olympic team) founded Volleyball International Inc. (WII), which took over the organization of regional and international tournaments in the country. In 1989, several members of the WII executive committee who disagreed with O'Hare's policies formed the American Volleyball Association. The association has hosted a number of alternative events in the US and international tournaments in various countries. Currently, both organizations are practically inactive. In November 2001, the non-profit United Volleyball Association was formed through the efforts of the inventor of the wallball. Garcia intends to revive the former interest in his brainchild and achieve its recognition as an Olympic sport. Now several million people are involved in wallball all over the world.
Faustball. Faustball (from German “Faust” – fist), in English-speaking countries the name “fistball” is accepted (English “fist” – fist). One of the oldest sports. The first rules were adopted in 1555 in Italy. At the end of the 19th century the game came to Germany, which eventually became the center of the world faustball. Currently, the game is extremely widespread in a number of European countries, as well as in North and South America, Japan and some African states. Faustball is played by two teams of five players each (plus three substitutes) on a 50×20 meter court, both indoors and outdoors. The game consists of 2 halves of 15 minutes. If the rules of the tournament exclude a draw in the match, then in case of a draw, two additional 5-minutes are assigned, if necessary, two more, etc. – until one of the teams wins by at least two points. The ball is slightly heavier than a volleyball (320-380 grams). Instead of a net, a rope is used, stretched at a height of two meters.
Conclusion Since its appearance, volleyball is experiencing rapid development. This is also expressed in the growing number of volleyball players, and in the growing number of member countries of the International Volleyball Federation. According to its prevalence, this game occupies a leading position on the world sports arena. The game in Volleyball has become not only a purely sports, but also the development of volleyball, as a game for the sake of rest, the game in volleyball has become a means of organizing leisure activities, maintain health and recovery of health. Volleyball contribute to the education of the feeling of collectivism, perseverance, determination, purposefulness, attention and speed of thinking; The ability to manage their emotions, improving basic physical qualities.
B.I. Zagorsky, I.P. Zaletaev, Yu.P. Bubble and others. “Physical Culture”, Higher School of 1989
Yu.D. Zheleznyak “Young volleyball player”, a training manual for coaches. Moscow. Physical culture and sports, 1988.
NK Korobeynikov, A.A. Mikheev, N.G. Nikolaenko “Physical Education”, a tutorial for secondary special educational institutions. Higher School of 1984
A.V.Ivyolov. Volleyball for everyone. M., 1987.
M. Fidler, D.Shideright, H. Baake, K.Shreiter. Volleyball. M., 1972.
Description, History of the emergence, Rules, Equipment
Volleyball (from English. Volley – a blow from Lot and Ball – the ball) is an Olympic sport, the goal in which is to send the ball towards the opponent in such a way that he landed at half a rival or achieve mistakes from the opponent's team player. During one attack, only three touches of the ball in a row are allowed. Volleyball is popular both among men and among women.
The history of the emergence and development of volleyball
It is believed that volleyball originated thanks to William J. Morganu, a teacher of physical education of one of the colleges of Holyok (USA). In 1895, on one of his lessons, he hosted the grid (approximately at an altitude of 2 meters) and offered his students to move a basketball chamber through her. The resulting game Morgan called the Mintonet.
Two years later, the first volleyball ball was developed and launched.
In the second half of the 1920s, the National Federations of Bulgaria, the USSR, the USA and Japan appeared.
In 1922, the first international competitions were held in Brooklyn, it was the YMCA championship with the participation of 23 male teams.
In 1925, modern platform sizes were approved, as well as the size and weight of the volleyball ball. These rules were relevant for the countries of America, Africa and Europe.
In 1947, the International Volleyball Federation (FIVB) was founded. Members of the Federation of Steel: Belgium, Brazil, Hungary, Egypt, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, USA, Uruguay, France, Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia.
In 1949, the first Men World Cup took place in Prague, and in 1964 volleyball was included in the Olympic Games program in Tokyo. In the International Competitions of the 1960-190s, the national teams of the USSR, Czechoslovakia, Poland, Romania, Bulgaria, Japan sought the greatest success.
Since the 1990s, a list of the strongest teams replenished Brazil, USA, Cuba, Italy, the Netherlands, Yugoslavia.
Since 2006, FIVB unites 220 national volleyball federations, the game is one of the most popular sports on earth.
Basic volleyball rules (briefly)
The volleyball game consists of parties (from 3 to 5). The duration of the volleyball batch is not limited and continues until one of the commands drop 25 points. If the advantage over the opponent is less than 2 points, the batch continues until the advantage is increased. The match continues until one of the teams won three parties. It is worth noting that in the fifth batch account is not up to 25, but to 15 points.
Each of the two teams may have up to 14 players, but 6 may be 6. The initial placement of the players indicates the procedure for the transition of participants on the site, it must be preserved throughout the party.
Rules for filing in volleyball. The ball is introduced into the game of the feed, the feeding command is determined using the lot. After each transition of the feed right from one command to the other, the players move along zones clockwise. The feed is carried out due to the rear line. If the feed stops, sends the ball beyond the field or falls into the grid, the team loses the feed, and the enemy gets the point. Any player has the right to receive the filing, but usually this is the first line athletes. The feed is not blocked.
The player from the first line can carry out an attacking blow, is performed by such a blow above the grid. Players of the rear line attack with a three-meter mark.
Blocking the attack is carried out above the grid so as to prevent the ball to fly through the grid. When the block, you can transfer hands to the side of the opponents, without creating interference for them. Only players from the front line are blocked.
Gaming field for volleyball (sizes and marking)
The size of the standard volleyball field is 18 meters in length and 9 meters wide. The grid is located in such a way that its highest point is located at an altitude of 2.43 meters from the ground on male competitions and 2.24 meters – on women's. These dimensions were approved by the International Volleyball Federation in 1925 and are relevant to today. The game surface should be horizontal, flat, monotonous and light.
In volleyball there is a concept of free zone on the playing field. The dimensions of the free zone are regulated and amount to 5-8 meters from the front lines and 3-5 meters from the side. Free space over the playing field should be 12.5 meters.
The playground is limited to two side and facial lines, which are accounted for in the field size. The axis of the middle line conducted between the side, divides the gaming place into two equal parts of 9 x 9 m. It is carried out under the grid and delimit the zones of rivals. The attack strip is applied on each half of the field behind the midline three meters from it.
Equipment and inventory for volleyball
The most important attribute of volleyball is a volleyball ball. Like any other ball, volleyball is a spherical design consisting of an inner rubber chamber, which is hidden under natural or synthetic leather. The balls differ depending on their purpose (official competitions, training games), the age of participants (adults, juniors) and the type of platform (open, closed).
The diameter of volleyball balls varies from 20.4 to 21.3 centimeters, the circumference length from 65 to 67 centimeters, an internal pressure from 0.300 to 0.325 kg / cm2, weight from 250 to 270 grams. It is recommended to choose three-color balls, as such a ball is easier to distinguish against the bright shape of the players.
Volleyball combines elements of jumping and running, so an important attribute is comfortable shoes. The most suitable for the game, shoes with a soft sole. Sometimes special shock absorbers are used additionally, they are very effective to prevent injury.
For additional protection of the joints of the athletes use knee pads and elbows.
Amplua players in volleyball and their functions
- Digger (attackers of the second pace) – players attacing from the edge of the grid.
- Diagonal – the highest and most jumping team players, as a rule, attack from the rear line.
- The central blocking (attackers of the first pace) are high players blocking the opponent's attacks, attack from the third zone.
- Binding – player defining attack options.
- Libero is the main receiving, the growth is usually less than 190 centimeters.
Judges in volleyball and their duties
The judicial brigade on the match consists of:
- First judge. He performs his duties, sitting or standing on a judicial tower, which is located at one of the ends of the grid.
- The second judge. It is located outside the playground near the rack, on the opposite side of the first judge.
- Secretary. The secretary fulfills his duties, sitting at the secretary table on the opposite side of the first judge.
- Four (two) judges on the line. Control the side and facial lines.
Assistant secretary is required for official FIBV competitions.
Largest Volleyball Competitions
Olympic Games are the most prestigious volleyball competitions.
World Championship – Competitions of the strongest national volleyball teams, which are held once every four years. They are the second in the prestigidity of volleyball competitions, after the Olympic Games.
World Cup is an international volleyball tournament among male and female teams. It is held a year before the Olympic Games, and its prize-winners receive guaranteed places in the Olympic Games.
World Cup Champions. The World Champion Cup takes place a year preceding the year of the World Cup.
World League (Fivb World League) is the most prestigious commercial tournament of male national volleyball teams.
Volleyball Grand Prix is the largest commercial tournament for women's national volleyball teams.
The European Championship is a competition between the strongest national volleyball men's and women's teams of the member countries of the European Volleyball Confederation. It is held once every two years.
The Euroleague is an annual competition for volleyball teams held under the auspices of the European Volleyball Confederation.
Sports structures
The International Volleyball Federation (from the French Fédération Internationale de Volleyball, abbr. FIVB) is an international federation that unites 220 national federations. The headquarters is located in the Swiss city of Lausanne.
The European Volleyball Confederation (French: Confédération Européenne de Volleyball, abbr. CEV) is the governing body of European volleyball. It unites 55 national federations.
The All-Russian Volleyball Federation is a structure that manages Russian volleyball.
We tried to cover the topic as fully as possible, so this information can be safely used in the preparation of reports on physical education and essays on the topic “Volleyball”.
Volleyball at the Olympic Games – Olympic Sports
Volleyball competitions at the Summer Olympics first appeared at the 1964 Summer Olympics in Tokyo and have since been included in the program of every subsequent Games. Volleyball was recognized as an Olympic sport by the decision of the 53rd session of the International Olympic Committee, held in 1957 in Sofia. By this period, the International Volleyball Federation (FIVB) united 115 national federations. Nevertheless, volleyball was not included in the program of the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome – it was too late to change the program and the competition calendar.
The number of participating teams and the format of the Olympic volleyball tournaments have changed. At the Games of 1964 and 1968, competitions were held in a round robin system; since 1972, knockout matches (playoffs, or the Olympic system) have been introduced.
Beach volleyball became an Olympic sport at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta. Men's and women's tournaments in this discipline began to be held simultaneously. Volleyball
from volley – “to hit the ball from the fly” (also translated as “flying”, “soaring”) and ball – “ball”) – a sport, a team sports game, during which two teams compete on a special platform, divided by a grid, trying to send the ball to the opponent's side in such a way that it lands on the opponent's court (finish it to the floor), or a player of the defending team makes a mistake. At the same time, to organize an attack, players of one team are allowed no more than three touches of the ball in a row (in addition to touching on the block).
The central body of volleyball as an international sport that determines the FIVB rulebook (English) is the International Volleyball Federation. Volleyball has been part of the Olympic Games since 1964[3].
Volleyball is a non-contact, combinational sport, where each player has a strict specialization on the court.The most important qualities for players in volleyball are to jump for the possibility of high rise above the grid, reaction, coordination, physical strength for the effective work of attacking shocks.
For fans of volleyball – a common entertainment and a rest is due to the simplicity of the rules and accessibility of the inventory.
There are numerous volleyball options that dreamed from the main species – beach volleyball (Olympic view since 1996), mini volleyball, pioneerball, park volleyball (approved by Fivb Congress in November 1998 in Tokyo) [4].
Olympic Games 2012 (Volleyball, Basketball, Beach Volleyball)
Volleyball on the Olympic Games – Wiki
Volleyball was recognized by the Olympic Sport by the decision of the 53rd session of the International Olympic Committee, held in 1957 in Sofia. By this period, the International Volleyball Federation (FIVB) united 115 national federations. Nevertheless, in the program of the Summer Olympic Games of 1960 in Rome, volleyball was not included – the program and the competition calendar was already late.
In the first Olympic volleyball tournament, 6 female and 10 male teams participated in the future, in the future their number increased, which led to a change in the format of the Olympic tournaments: at the games of 1964 and 1968, the competition was conducted on a circular system, since 1972 matches for disposal (play- Off, or Olympic system).
By 1996, the number of participants in the Olympic tournaments was increased to 12 and a new qualification system was introduced to the game. The selection is made according to the results of preceding the games of the World Cup, continental and world qualifying tournaments.
Olympic tournaments pass for male and female teams by the same scheme, which provides for playing games strictly every other day and includes two stages: first the participants in the competition play in a circular system in two groups (A and B), then the teams that took groups 1- 4th places playing the system with disposal, starting from the quarterfinals. Classification matches at the Olympic Games are not held: the losers in the quarterfinals occupy the 5th place, the fifth teams of groups A and B are classified at the 9th place, the group stage outsiders – at the 11th place.
Beach volleyball was present at the 1992 Olympic Games in Barcelona as an indicative sport, on September 24, 1993 at the 101st session of the International Olympic Committee in Monte Carlo, the Olympic Act of Sport was recognized and debuted in a competitive program at the 1996 Olympic Games in Atlanta. Male and female tournaments in this discipline began to be held simultaneously.
As in classic volleyball, tournaments consist of a group stage and playoffs.They participate in 24 teams (no more than two from one country), including the team of the organizing country, the current world champions (since 2015), 15 leaders of the rating of the International Volleyball Federation, 5 Winners of the Continental Cup and 2 teams on the results of the final Cup of the world.